Toulouse 1814 Order of Battle
Toulouse 1814 Order of Battle
The Battle of Toulouse saw a French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult defend the city of Toulouse against the Marquess of Wellington's British, Portuguese, and Spanish army. The fighting took place on 10 April 1814 and Soult evacuated the city late in the evening of 11 April. Allied casualties in the bitter fighting exceeded French losses by more than a thousand. It was a waste of human life, since Napoleon I of France abdicated his throne few days earlier. Official news of the end of the war did not reach Wellington until the afternoon of 12 April.
Order of battle
Anglo-Allied Army
General Wellington[1][2]
- Wellington's Command:
- Light Division: Charles Alten (4275)
- Brigade James Kempt: 1/43rd Foot, 1/95th Rifles, 3/95th Rifles, 3rd Portuguese Caçadores (light infantry)
- Brigade John Colborne: 1/52nd Foot, 2/95th Rifles, 1st Port Caçadores, 17th Port Line
- 3rd Division: Thomas Picton (4566)
- Brigade Thomas Brisbane: 1/45th, 1/74th, 1/88th and 5/60th Foot
- Brigade John Keane: 1/5th, 2/83rd, 2/87th and 94th Foot
- Brigade Manley Power: 9th and 21st Port Line, 11th Port Caçadores
- Cavalry Division: Henry Fane[3]
- Heavy Cavalry Brigade: Clifton (891)
- Light Cavalry Brigade: Doherty, vice Fane (816)
- Unattached Cavalry Brigades
- Heavy Cavalry Brigade: Lord Charles Manners (1426)
- Heavy Cavalry Brigade: Bülow (701)
- 1st KGL Dragoons, 2nd KGL Dragoons
- Spanish Division: Pablo Morillo (2001)
- Artillery: (1950)
- Manuel Freire's Command:
- Spanish Division Marcilla: (3959)
- Spanish Division Espeleta: (3576)
- Other: (381)
- Rowland Hill's Command:
- 2nd Division: William Stewart (6940)
- Brigade John Byng: 1/3rd and 1/57th Foot, 1st Provisional (2/31st and 2/66th)
- Brigade Edward Barnes: 1/50th, 1/71st and 1/92nd Foot
- Brigade Richard O'Callaghan: 1/28th, 2/34th and 1/39th Foot
- Brigade Henry Hardinge: 6th and 18th Portuguese Line, 6th Port Caçadores
- Portuguese Division: Carlos Le Cor (3952)
- Brigade Almeida: 2nd and 14th Port Line
- Brigade John Buchan: 4th and 10th Port Line, 10th Port Caçadores
- William Beresford's Command:
- 4th Division: Galbraith Lowry Cole (5363)
- Brigade William Anson: 3/27th, 1/40th and 1/48th Foot
- Brigade Robert Ross: 1/7th, 1/20th and 1/23rd Foot
- Brigade José Vasconcellos: 11th and 23rd Portuguese Line, 7th Port Caçadores
- 6th Division: Henry Clinton (5693)
- Brigade Denis Pack: 1/42nd, 1/79th and 1/91st Foot
- Brigade John Lambert: 1/11th, 1/36th and 1/61st Foot
- Brigade James Douglas: 8th and 12th Port Line, 9th Port Caçadores
- Hussar Brigades
French Army
Marshal Soult[5][6]
- 1st Division: Augustin Darricau (3490)
- Brigade Fririon: 6th Light (1 battalion), 76th (1 bn) and 69th Line (2 bns)
- Brigade Berlier: 36th (2 bns), 39th (1 bn) and 65th (2 bns) Line
- 2nd Division: Jean Darmagnac (4456)
- Brigade Leseur: 31st Light (2 bns), 51st (1 bn) and 75th (2 bns) Line
- Brigade Menne: 118th and 120th Line (3 bns each)
- 4th Division: Eloi Charlemagne Taupin (4864)
- Brigade Rey: 12th Light, 32nd and 43rd Line (2 bns each)[7]
- Brigade Gasquet: 47th (2 bns), 55th (1 bn) and 58th (1 bn) Line
- 5th Division: Jean-Pierre Maransin (3196)
- Brigade Barbot: 4th Light (1 bn), 40th (2 bns) and 50th (1 bn) Line
- Brigade Rouget: 27th, 34th and 59th Line (1 bn each)
- 6th Division: Eugene-Casimir Villatte (4270)
- Brigade Saint-Pol: 21st Light, 86th, 96th and 100th Line (1 bn each)
- Brigade Lamorandière: 28th Light (1 bn), 103rd (1 bn) and 119th (2 bns) Line
- 8th Division: Jean Isidore Harispe (4250)
- Brigade Dauture: 9th, 25th and 34th Light (2 bns each)
- Brigade Baurot: 10th Light (2 bns), 45th, 81st, 115th, 116th and 117th Line (1 bn each)
- Reserve Division: Jean-Pierre Travot (7267)
- Brigade Pourailly: 4 bns conscripts
- Brigade Vuillemont: 4 bns conscripts
- Cavalry: Pierre Soult (2700)
- Brigade Berton: 2nd Hussars, 13th and 21st Chasseurs
- Brigade Vial: 5th, 10th, 15th and 22nd Chasseurs
- Artillery, Engineers, Other: (4350)
References
Books
- Chandler, David. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, 1979. ISBN 0-02-523670-9
- Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001. ISBN 0-141-39041-7
- Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
- Oman, Charles. Wellington's Army, 1809-1814. London: Greenhill, (1913) 1993. ISBN 0-947898-41-7
- ^ Smith, p 519. Note that Smith does not list the regiments suffering no losses.
- ^ Glover, p 358-359, p 382-387. Units not listed in Smith are inferred from Glover appendices 2 and 5.
- ^ Oman, p 372-373. Oman writes that Fane exercised command over both his own brigade and Clifton's.
- ^ Oman, p 372. Vivian was wounded on 8 April.
- ^ Smith, p 500-501 and 518-519. For Toulouse, Smith lists the same unit totals as for Orthez. The following totals subtract the losses at Orthez given by Smith.
- ^ Glover, p 394. To these totals must be added one of Harispe's brigades (Brigade Paris?) which was broken up after Orthez and used to reinforce other units.
- ^ Chandler, p 377. Chandler writes that Louis Emmanuel Rey was a prisoner until May 1814. If this is correct, then this may be Gabriel Venance Rey.